Educational Testing Service conducted these exams and announced the updates taking into consideration the pandemic situation on Tuesday. This step came into account as many students faced the hardship of taking their passports during the lockdown.

ETS mentioned that these changes are detailed measures that will come into play on July 1 and are applicable until the following notice shows up. It is suitable for the internet-based test and the home-based test for TOEFL and GRE, taken at home or the centers. With the new upcoming essential tests of GRE and TOEFL, which shall start on October and August 21, 2021, respectively, an Aadhaar card is applicable for that as well.

As per the rules of ETS, the passport was the only substantial ID proof for the Indians taking the tests. But the applicability of this norm has made it easier for the students to apply for all the idealized tests, GRE, and TOEFL carried by ETS, wherein it is the entry requirement for most universities in the world.

Keeping in mind that these changes are sustainable only for temporary and would change in the future considering the pandemic scenarios. As the Aadhaar card is the world’s most extensive ID biometric system, a 12 digit unique number is obtained by every residential individual in India. 

And with regards to acceptance of this ID, it is mandatory to produce the original card only and the full version of it. Which restricts the allowance of the printed copies or the photocopies of the ID, and that holds good with saying no to showing them in the mobile device or the e-gadgets. 

To elaborate more on educating you how the card must be? Then, it clearly must be a valid card, validated by the government’s authority, and should have the name on it the same as that registered by the students at the exam centers for writing the exam. A recognizable photo in it and the signature same as that of every other document during the time of registration for abroad goals.

With that being said, there is a strict no to any other IDs than the Aadhaar ID. It came into applicability only because the students couldn’t take the exams without the passports during the time of lockdown as the passport offices were closed, and the best alternative to it was Aadhaar ID which could be easily availed by the students and is acceptable due to it being the crucial document for identification in India.

If this has made taking the exam hassle-free, then what else would you have? Started applying for the exams now with the Aadhaar card until the next update from the ETS.

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On Tuesday, the Embassy of India in Afghanistan gave a piece of advice to the Indians residing there to be cautioned about their security while working, visiting, and staying. Also, to increase brutality in the country at incredible places, they asked them to avoid unnecessary travels. 

More than 3000 Indians are staying in the nation of Afghanistan, as per the relevant data.

 In Afghanistan, Indians are the regional donor with around a $3 billion pledge. A significant chunk of the Indians is engineers. At the same time, the rest are staff workers of the development projects, which are hundred in number, being implemented throughout the parts of the country.

What’s the request here?

The Embassy stated that the terror groups in the provinces of Afghanistan had caused a real threat by escalating complex thrash and terrorizing attacks that call a sense of danger in the security situation in Afghanistan. The episodes include aiming at the defense of Afghans, civilians, government institutions of Afghans, and the forces of security. 

The nationals of India are facing abduction, and they are no anomaly, it says.

1. The embassy exclaimed, there are severe dangers in the security situation in Afghanistan as the groups of terror are conducting attacks in complex ways and targeting the civilians.
2. The Indians are being kidnapped; a warning cautioned by the Embassy.
3. While the reporters or journalists of Afghanistan have faced a threat from the Taliban, they consider them siding with the government and west of Afghanistan.

What is the advice received from the Embassy to the nationals of India?

1. On an immediate basis, the Indians are advised to register themselves on the website: https://eoi.gov.in/kabul/to the Embassy Consulates or email paw.kabul@mea.gov.in. To note who are arriving there. Also includes people who have changed the details of the contact or those who are already staying but haven’t registered.
2. During the commuting hours when it is the peak, people are advised to avoid any movements.
3. Indians must say no to unnecessary movements in the place.
4. The roads and highways are unsafe to travel during this time, and hence the people are advised to take airways to travel when it is essential and mostly travelling to the main cities must be avoided.
5. Even while travelling, avoiding the military convoys, crowded markets, government ministry vehicles, and high ranking officials during this time is advised. 
6. The predictable routines or routes must be avoided and keep the movements essential to be discrete to an extent.
7. At the sites, the Indian companies are advised to take care of the security of the Indian employees of their firms. 

The scenario

Even before the involvement of the U.S, Afghanistan was in a persistent state of war for over 20 years. 

The Soviet army had overrun Afghanistan in 1979 after a military coup to change the governance. Countries like Pakistan, U.S, China, and Saudi Arabia supported the fight called a movement of resistance called mujahideen. However, the groups of Soviets revoked the civil war, it continued. In the turmoil that led out, the Taliban vaulted up. 

Until 1996, they ruled the country. The West lived in unconsciousness to the rule of Sharia enforced by them, which were public executions and beheadings. In America, nearly 3000 people were killed on the 11th of September by their attacks. The perpetrator of the events of bombings in the U.S is Al Qaeda, who is the leader of Osama Bin Laden, he was protected and favored by the Taliban, and hence the U.S invaded Afghanistan.

Ever since the attack of the U.S on Afghanistan, the rule of the Taliban broke down, and the involved warlords and attackers ran away to the borders of Pakistan and not vanished from there. 

What is the current status there? 

Currently, the Taliban has gained in the north of Afghanistan, revoking many districts around there. They reported saying it was hardly a fight as the U.S gave a final verdict to withdraw from Afghanistan. President Joe Biden declared in April mid about America’s end to ‘ forever war.’ They have to depart before the deadline of 11th September. 

By the gains, the Taliban now has custody on the primary trade route, the direct border traversing Tajikistan. They have the Doshi district because the road which connects northern Afghanistan and Kabul passes through the community. 

Afghanistan’s ethnic group has a stronghold in the North. They helped the US invasion but took away the Taliban from ruling for around 20 years and have ruled since that time. The Taliban’s traditional group had strongholds on the east and south of the country called the Pashtuns. 

Now the government is worried and launched national mobilization where. The volunteers are armed. The militias call a notice that the security forces are weak. The Senior member of the US defense of democracies, Bill Roggio, says it’s desperation. 

Many districts are abandoned, and hence the president of Afghan Ashraf Ghani is into welcoming back Bismillah Khan, who was removed for corruption to build the defense.

 In the 1990s war, the civilians were killed cause of the battle led out for acquiring power which killed 50,000 people and destroyed Kabul, and a similar conflict is expected this time.

Torek Farhadi, the former advisor, stated that national mobilization is like a recipe for any violence in the future. He said that the government has vowed to pay at the earliest as there is a complaint that the salaries are delayed. 

With the corruption taking over the situation again, he has suspected that all the funds meant for the militias will be gone, and the local warlords and commanders would turn against Ghani in no time. Which ultimately results in chaos. 

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The policy states that they need to research a new propulsion framework regarding green propellants, liquid oxygen-methane, and semi-cryogenic.

Recently, under India’s government, the space department has drafted the National Space Transportation Policy.

Human missions and green fuel are the areas where the Indian Space Research  Organisation is currently working.

In the Gangayan mission, where the Indians are taken to space initiated by the space agencies where they are looking for the rockets to have the green propulsion through hydrogen peroxide, said the Chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation and the Secretary of Department of Space. Also, ISRO is looking for rocket engines fueled using hydrogen peroxide where the propellant can be bi or mono and ethanol.

Another green fuel is under development by the Indian Space Agency, where methane is used as fuel and oxygen is used as an oxidizer. As the test results have yielded positive effects to the use of methane engines, said the SIVAN to IANS.

The methane propellants have advantages concerning cost, storability, toxicity, and impulse. Now the space agency is planning to use green-powered fuel over the existing fuels of liquid engines.

ISRO has come with a product called ISROSENE – kerosene of rocket-grade, an alternative to the conventional fuel of hydrazine.

When the SIVAN was questioned about the working of engines fired by solid fuels, it replied that it is progressing.

Regarding satellite powering, chemical fuel is being replaced by electrical propulsion, which is light in weight, said the ISRO working towards it.

Since the government agencies are working on green fuel, the private players are also using the same.

CEO Pawan Kumar Chandra and  Co-founder of Skyroot Aerospace, responded to IANS, saying,” They are already in the testing process of the developed engine using greener cryogenic fuel. Thus exclaiming the shift to green fuels for all the coming vehicles, the same is used in the rocket’s upper stage.

The solid fuel has the advantage of giving significant thrust and lower cost; for now, they would use the same and, in the later stages, would eventually shift to green fuels for all the vehicles, said Chandana.

To plan for human space exploration, DOS said it is essential for space transportation to be advanced, heavy lifting, reusability, and new propulsion systems as stated in the draft policy.

The current ability of the DOS and ISRO has to be enhanced to meet the missions of robotic space exploration and human spaceflight. Working towards reusable space transportation and super heavy-lift systems with a solid infrastructure to access the earth’s lower orbit and even beyond it is stated in the policy. 

The research must also focus on developing robust rocket systems with clustered engines, which have to undergo a series of tests. Creating the test facilities for qualifying and validating the tested methods for the establishment was also stated in the policy.

The policy states that new materials are required for these developments and the classic designs for the manufacturing paradigm. These systems have to be studied through proper validation of the prototype and need to establish relevant procedures. 

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“In the pandemic, the large number of migrant workers is a serious issue due to lack of education and the condition of poverty. Still, that doesn’t give the authority to the government to disregard giving them food only because they don’t possess a ration card that a government asks for. The government has to consider the call of pandemics where the workers have lost their jobs or are not able to seek for one to fulfill their needs by offering a helping hand to such people.” M.R Shah and Ashok Bhushan are on the bench of justices of the Supreme Court, notice in a document of judgment with 80 pages.

So by July 31, the court has set a deadline for both the states and centers to perform their duty correctly. Where one-fourth of the population of the country is formed by these workers who are 38 crores in number have significantly and equally contributed to the development and growth of the country, They must ensure that none of the migrant workers remains hungry in this pandemic,

The Supreme Court has now asked the government to make new schemes by July 31 to offer all the migrant workers dry ration.  Bhushan said, “Now both the territories of union and state have too little effort to reach the laborers in vain such that none of them is denied two meals in a day.”

The court has directed that the center provide the state with whatever additional quantity of grains they demand. The kitchen community has to be set up to feed all the workers until the pandemic ends.

Food being the intrinsic part of life to exist with dignity is considered the “bare necessities of life”. So, the states are ordered to implement the scheme that is One Nation and One Ration Card. Which offers the right to the laborers to access food at any part of the country to the fair price shop with just one ration card as the National Food Security Act covers them. 

The court criticized the Ministry of Labour for their “unpardonable apathy” to have not yet completed the project of 45.39 crores where they had to work on the national database,e which is a portal for unorganized workers were registering and identifying the unorganized laborers and migrant workers for ensuring the rights of security,  health, and welfare.

The order for opening this portal was back in 2018, and still, it wasn’t completed as the Center has blamed the software problem. Now they are asked to work on the portal by July 31. The Labour Secretary has to send a reporter by the next month saying they would finish registering the workers by December 31. Otherwise, all the schemes about welfare would remain as “Tall claims “ on all the papers.

Bhushan from the event observed that the ministry is not actively addressing the concerns of the laborers and that they disapprove of the no-action behavior of the church.

The court observed that both during the first and second wave, the workers are exposed to the hardships due to the constraints to the access of the schemes made by the union or state territories, be it financial, and that they are most vulnerable to problems of economic regression.

And suggested that the center has to redesign the beneficiaries for the rural and urban areas under the act of food security. Also adding that the union or state territories have to register licensed SE contractors and establishments under 1979, Inter-state Migrant Workmen and ensure that all the authorities have fuller details of the employed workers with them.

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Back seven years ago, Grofer began as a startup and is valued for the investment proposed. It considers SoftBank a massive investor, having invested $1 billion and more, said TechCrunch.

Other investors like SoftBank Vision Fund 2 and Tiger Global are into flaking in a part of the capital while making Zomato’s investment proposal a part of the extensive round. Zomato said it had nothing to comment referring to the source, said the report.

Zomato and Grofer leadership teams now have been friends closely and scrutinise the investment from the beginning of the year. Until Zomato becomes a public trading organization, the decision would be held up. Still, both the firms together are up to the idea of Zomato amassing the majority of the stake in the firm of Grofer in the next quarter, said TechCrunch.

In the last year, the business of food delivery of Uber was taken by Zomato, which told its leading investors that it foretells the destiny of the firm to have flourished more than just the category of food delivery. These were the private talks requested by anonymity, said the source. 

Due to strict restrictions, the lockdown in several states of India prevented the virus from spreading and during the time of which Grofers witnessed an impressive rise in its popularity.

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